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Srinivas, K.

Wave Forecasting and Monitoring during very Severe Cyclone Phailin in the Bay of Bengal

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Authors

T. M. Balakrishnan Nair ¹, P. G. Remya ¹, R. Harikumar ¹, K. G. Sandhya ¹, P. Sirisha ¹, K. Srinivas ¹, C. Nagaraju ¹, Arun Nherakkol ¹, B. Krishna Prasad ¹, C. Jeyakumar ¹, K. Kaviyazhahu ¹, N. K. Hithin ¹, Rakhi Kumari ¹, V. Sanil Kumar ², M. Ramesh Kumar ¹, S. S. C. Shenoi ¹, Shailesh Nayak ³

Affiliations
1 Information Services and Ocean Sciences Group, ESSO-Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services, 'Ocean Valley', Pragathi Nagar (BO), Nizampet (SO), Hyderabad 500 090, IN
2 CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, IN
3 Earth System Science Organization, New Delhi 110 003, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 106, No 8 (2014), Pagination: 1121-1125

Abstract

Wave fields, both measured and forecast during the very severe cyclone Phailin, are discussed in this communication. Waves having maximum height of 13.54 m were recorded at Gopalpur, the landfall point of the cyclone. The forecast and observed significant wave heights matched well at Gopalpur with correlation coefficient of 0.98, RMS e rror of 0.35 m and scatter index of 14%. Forecasts were also validated in the open ocean and found to be reliable (scatter index < 15%). The study also revealed the presence of Southern Ocean swells with a peak period of 20-22 sec hitting Gopalpur coast along with the cyclone-generated waves.

Keywords

Buoys, Phailin, Tropical Cyclone, Swell, Wave Forecast.

Full Text

Sediment Pathways and Emergence of Himalayan Source Material in the Bay of Bengal

Abstract Views :308 | PDF Views:153

Authors

K. S. Krishna ¹, M. Ismaiel ¹, K. Srinivas ², D. Gopala Rao ¹, J. Mishra ³, D. Saha ⁴

Affiliations
1 Geological Oceanography, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, IN
2 CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, 176, Lawsons Bay Colony, Visakhapatnam 530 017, IN
3 KDM Institute of Petroleum Exploration, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd, 9, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun 248 195, IN
4 Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd, Geophysical Services, A&AA Basin, Luit Bhavan, Cinnamara, Jorhat 785 704, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 110, No 3 (2016), Pagination: 363-372

Abstract

The sediment succession in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) records the signatures corresponding to India-Asia collision, regional climate change, and erosional processes of both the Himalayan orogen and Indian subcontinent. The Bengal Fan-the world's largest submarine fan-has long been studied to understand the link between the Himalayan tectonics and Asian monsoon. But, lack of detailed information on corresponding signals hampered the understanding of related processes of tectonics, climate and erosion. The present study of long-streamer seismic reflection profile data and information from deep drill well logs in the western BoB has revealed two different phases of sediment deposition. In the first phase, until Oligocene- Miocene (∼23 Ma), Indian peninsular rivers discharged sediments to the BoB which accumulated at a rate ∼20 m/m.y. with an aberration of two fairly enhanced sediment pulses during the periods from 65 to 54 Ma and 34 to 23 Ma. In second phase, since 23 Ma, the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers added huge volumes of sediments to the bay at variable rates ranging from 40 to >1000 m/m.y. A distinct increase in sediment discharge (∼140 m/m.y.) during the Oligocene-Miocene (∼23 Ma) together with the development of regional onlap unconformity and the start of turbidity system provide an important age marker corresponding to rapid exhumation of the Himalaya, which intensified the erosional process and commencement of Bengal Fan sedimentation. Further rise in the rate of sedimentation during the period 6.8- 0.8 Ma is coincident with the change in monsoon intensity, but surprisingly not in agreement with the decrease in sediment rate reported at ODP Leg 116 sites in the distal Bengal Fan. Here we provide wellconstrained ages for the commencement and growth of the Bengal Fan, which can serve as benchmark information for understanding the interaction between the Himalayan exhumation and Asian climate.

Keywords

Asian Climate, Bengal Fan, Continental Collision, Himalayan Tectonics, Ganges and Brahmaputra Delta.

Full Text

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An Island Chain Lost in the Bay of Bengal

Abstract Views :252 | PDF Views:103

Authors

K. Srinivas ¹, K. S. Krishna ², M. Ismaiel ³, J. Mishra ⁴, D. Saha ⁵

Affiliations
1 CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, 176, Lawsons Bay Colony, Visakhapatnam 530 017, IN
2 CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, IS
3 CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, IN
4 KDM Institute of Petroleum Exploration, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd, 9, Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun 248 195, IN
5 Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd, Geophysical Services, A&AA Basin, Luit Bhavan, Cinnamara, Jorhat 785 704, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 112, No 06 (2017), Pagination: 1095-1096

Abstract

A voyage from Chennai across the Bay of Bengal takes one eventually to the Andaman Islands. But it was a different situation in the geologic past during the Late Cretaceous (80-68 m.y. BP). There was a chain of islands somewhere midway which currently lies as the buried 85E Ridge beneath enormously thick sediments discharged by the Ganges and Brahmaputra river systems.

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Alternative Sources of Soil Organic Amendments for Sustaining Soil Health and Crop Productivity in India – Impacts, Potential Availability, Constraints and Future Strategies

Abstract Views :251 | PDF Views:69

Authors

A. K. Indoria ¹, K. L. Sharma ¹, K. Sammi Reddy ¹, Ch. Srinivasarao ¹, K. Srinivas ¹, S. S. Balloli ¹, M. Osman ¹, G. Pratibha ¹, N. S. Raju ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad 500 059, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 115, No 11 (2018), Pagination: 2052-2062

Abstract

Among the several causes, critical low soil organic matter status is predominant for decline in soil health and consequent fall in crop productivity. Over the years, availability of traditional source of soil organic amendment, viz. cattle manure drastically declined due to various reasons (domestic uses as fuel and plastering of the kachha houses). The present study highlights that there are many alternative sources of soil organic amendments available in the country which have tremendous potential to improve soil organic matter status and crop productivity, and rejuvenate and enhance the dying total factor productivity of Indian soils. Data from various sources reveal that about 300 million tonnes of alternative sources of soil organic amendments are available in the country. This study highlights that the application of alternative sources of organic amendments directly or indirectly improves soil health by influencing many soil properties (physical and chemical) and enzyme activities (biological) that regulate nutrient dynamics in the soil. Consequent upon improvement in soil environment, the application of alternative sources of soil organic amendments alone or along with recommended dose of fertilizers registered significantly higher yield in different crops across different agro-climatic conditions of the country. Composting and vermicomposting are the best strategies to convert the biomass of available alternative sources of organic amendments to plant nutrient-rich products.

Keywords

Climate Change, Crop Productivity, Organic Amendments, Soil Health.

Full Text

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Development of India’s First Integrated Expert Urban Flood Forecasting System for Chennai

Abstract Views :263 | PDF Views:71

Authors

Subimal Ghosh ¹, Subhankar Karmakar ², Anamitra Saha ¹, Mohit Prakash Mohanty ³, Shees Ali ¹, Satya Kiran Raju ⁴, Vrinda Krishnakumar ¹, Maneesha Sebastian ¹, Manasa Ranjan Behera ¹, R. Ashrit ⁵, P. L. N. Murty ⁶, K. Srinivas ⁶, B. Narasimhan ⁷, Tune Usha ⁴, M. V. Ramana Murthy ⁴, P. Thiruvengadam ¹, J. Indu ¹, D. Thirumalaivasan ⁸, John P. George ⁵, S. Gedam ⁹, A. B. Inamdar ⁹, B. S. Murty ⁷, P. P. Mujumdar ¹⁰, M. Mohapatra ¹¹, Arun Bhardwaj ¹², Swati Basu ¹², Shailesh Nayak ¹³

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, IN
2 Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, IN
3 Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, IN
4 National Centre for Coastal Research, NIOT Campus, Velacherry–Tambaram Main Road, Pallikaranai, Chennai 600 100, IN
5 National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, A-50, Sector-62, Noida 201 309, IN
6 Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services, Pragathi Nagar (BO), Nizampet (SO), Hyderabad 500 090, IN
7 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, IN
8 Institute of Remote Sensing, Anna University, Chennai 600 040, IN
9 Centre of Studies in Resources Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, IN
10 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
11 India Meteorological Department, New Delhi 110 003, IN
12 Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India, Vigyan Bhavan Annexe, Maulana Azad Road, New Delhi 110 011, IN
13 National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bengaluru 560 012, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 117, No 5 (2019), Pagination: 741-745

Abstract

Floods are the most common and recurring natural hazards faced by humans since time immemorial. They pose a severe threat to the population, environment and economy in many places across the world, especially urban areas. Urbanization caused due to increasing migration into the floodplains has substantially increased the trend of devastation due to floods in a developing country like India. In Chennai and the surrounding suburban areas, torrential rainfall associated with low-pressure systems engulfed the city during December 2015, affecting more than 4 million people along with economic damages that cost around 3 billion USD.

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Shastri, H., Ghosh, S. and Karmakar, S., J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 2017, 122(3), 1617–1634.

Thiruvengadam, P., Indu, J. and Ghosh, S., Adv. Water Resour., 2019, 126, 24–39.

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Ancient Ocean Floor Hidden Beneath Bangladesh

Abstract Views :259 | PDF Views:69

Authors

K. S. Krishna ¹, M. Ismaiel ¹, K. Srinivas ², D. Saha ³

Affiliations
1 Earth Science Building, Centre for Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, IN
2 CSIRNational Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, 176, Lawsons Bay Colony, Visakhapatnam 530 017, IN
3 Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd, Geophysical Services, A&AA Basin, Luit Bhavan, Cinnamara, Jorhat 785 704, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 117, No 6 (2019), Pagination: 916-917

Abstract

The geographical location of Kolkata, where the city now exists with a metropolitan population of over 15 million, was once on the verge of the continental margin and was also neighbouring the proto-ocean of the Bay of Bengal (BoB). As a consequence, most part of the present Bangladesh territory was under ocean water during the geological past.

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Srinivas, K.

Wave Forecasting and Monitoring during very Severe Cyclone Phailin in the Bay of Bengal

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Sediment Pathways and Emergence of Himalayan Source Material in the Bay of Bengal

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An Island Chain Lost in the Bay of Bengal

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Alternative Sources of Soil Organic Amendments for Sustaining Soil Health and Crop Productivity in India – Impacts, Potential Availability, Constraints and Future Strategies

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Development of India’s First Integrated Expert Urban Flood Forecasting System for Chennai

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Ancient Ocean Floor Hidden Beneath Bangladesh

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Oceanic Rocks Beneath the Landmass and Continental Rocks Below the Ocean – Geological Complexities in Indian Waters

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